考过雅思的同学可能都有这样一个共识，填空题在雅思阅读中属于偏简单的一种题型，原因是因为答案相对来说比较容易定位。今天我们就来学习一个做填空题时经常用到的小技巧，利用并列关系解题。

 

先来看一道例题：（Cam 5 – T2 – P1 Bakelite）

 

这是剑五中一篇关于酚醛树脂制作过程的一道流程图填空题，其中的第八小题就是一个明显的并列关系，已知信息为intense heat （高温）, 求未知信息是什么，所以这道题的解题关键在于我们能否在原文中找到intense heat 的原词或同义词替换。请看原文：

 

In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was pouredinto a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extremeheat and pressure, thereby 'setting' its form for life .

 

首先，根据pour into mould 这样的一个相似信息我们定位到这这句话，再根据extreme heat 和intense heat 互为同义词，我们确定了我们的定位是准确的，因此，根据并列关系，答案就显而易见了，答案为：pressure 。

 

通常来说，并列结构的出题方法有两种。第一种A and ____ (根据已知信息找到未知信息)，第二种是 ___ and ___ (根据并列结构或附近的关键词把两个未知信息都找到) 。

 

我们再来看一道情况二的例题：（Cam 6 – T1 – P3）

 

For thousands of years they have had torely on catching 34 .................. and 35 ...................... as a meansof sustenance.

 

这篇文章讲述的是因纽特人和北极气候。这道题问我们‘几千年以来，这里的人们靠的是捕捉…和…来维持生计。’因为并列结构中的两个信息都是未知信息，所以这道题的解题关键是找到空附近的关键信息，比如，rely on 和catching 的原词或同义词。请看原文：

 

Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.

 

不知道大家找到了几组同义词呢？

a mere 4,500 years ago = for thousands ofyears

surviving by = rely on

exploiting = catching

 

所以这道题的答案也就不难找到啦：答案就是sea mammals and fish （海洋哺乳动物和鱼类）

 

 

刚才我们看到的两组例题都是and 结构的并列，但在实际做题过程中，并列结构的表现形式是多种多样的，我们来看几种出现频率比较高的并列结构：

 

1）A and B 结构

eg. An increase in some cancersand bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality,say the researchers .

 

2）not only A , but also B 结构

eg. One of Marie Cure’s outstandingachievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactivesources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply forresearch.

 

3) A as well as B 结构

eg. Metacognition involves childrenunderstanding their own learning strategies, as well as developing emotionalawareness .

 

4) A is … B is also …  /  A is …B is … , too 结构

eg. To be at their most effective in theirself – regulation , all children can be helped to identify their own ways oflearning – metacognition – which include strategies of planning , monitoring ,evaluation , and choice of what to learn . Emotional awareness is alsopart of metacognition , so children should be helped to be aware of theirfeeling around the area to be learned , feelings of curiosity or confidence ,for example . ( 本句即为例3的答案出处 )

 

补充练习（你能找到以下句子中的并列结构么？）

1. Specifically, Milgram told eachvolunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education,and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes wouldhave a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.

 

2. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant,Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and serializable.

 

3. Bakelite was unique because it was thefirst material to be both entirely synthetic in origin, and thermosetting .

 

4. It could go a long way, he says, toshifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system ofagriculture.

 

5. Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguistin Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of

jokes in order to understand not onlyhumour but language understanding and reasoning

in machines.

 

6. All warm-blooded animals make constanttiny adjustments in arousal in response to

external events, but humans, who havedeveloped a much more complicated internal life

as a result of language, respondemotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their

own thoughts.

 

7. Most of the pesticides in the markettoday remain inadequately tested for properties that cause cancer and mutationsas well as for other adverse effects on health, says a study by United Statesenvironmental agencies.

 

8. Another difference from conventionalteaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of aforeign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom.

 

9. Even more impressively, DNA analysis ofthe fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularlyswapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies.

 

10. In addition, over two thousand yearsago kites were used in China as weapons, as well as for sending messages .

 

以上就是我今天要跟大家分享的通过并列结构来解题的一些心得，当然，只靠并列结构就想把题目作对是远远不够的，同义词和基础词汇的积累也是快速定位答案出处，找到答案的两个必备能力。